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[虚拟币交流]
币安被起诉的背后，争议是加密货币到底是商品还是证券？- 转载
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6月5日，SEC（美国证券交易委员会）再度以涉嫌违反证券交易规则起诉Binance及其CEO赵长鹏。这场起诉引发了整个加密圈的广泛关注。据彭博6月5日消息，美国证券交易委员会(SEC)在官网和社交平台宣布，对币安实体及创始人赵长鹏提出13项指控，包括运营未经注册的交易所、经纪交易商和清算机构；在Binance.US平台上提供虚假的交易控制和监督声明；未经注册提供和出售证券等。
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争议点在于加密货币到底是证券还是商品？背后是美国两大监管机构的管辖之争! G' Z3 P; O Z
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在SEC针对Binance的诉讼文件中，SEC将Binance主导发行的BNB、BUSD均被列为证券。SEC的这个做法在加密圈引发了广泛的争议。以BUSD为例，这种稳定币业内更多的将其归入“商品”范畴。应该由美国的另一大监管机构CFTC(美国商品期货交易委员会)来管辖。SEC今年以来不断收紧对于加密市场的监管，其将不同种类的加密货币统统认定为“证券”以实施管辖和执法。
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% d2 z" O/ P' p& |1 Q6 v: |SEC对Binance的诉讼中，将将SOL、ADA、MATIC、FIL、ATOM、SAND、MANA、ALGO、AXS 和 COTI等加密货币统统认定为证券。 此举引发了更多的反对。
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: j, G f2 u; \6 o4 p这也招致了加密社区许多反对观点与诟病。Cardano 创始人Charles Hoskinson、孙宇晨都开始公开发声支持Binance。
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实际上，今年3月，币安（Binance）及其创始人赵长鹏被美国CFTC指控故意逃避联邦法律，并经营着一家非法的数字资产衍生品交易所。当时也引发了加密社区关于管辖权问题的探讨。实际上，美国证交会（SEC）和商品期货交易委员会（CFTC）这两大实权监管机构在对于加密货币的监管分工问题上，一直冲突不断。SEC认为加密货币是属于其管辖范围的证券，应遵守投资者保护法。SEC希望将加密货币“纳入公共政策框架”，确保加密huo币处于监管范围内并满足政策目标，这样这一快速增长的行业就不会“破坏系统的稳定性”。而在CFTC内部也在积极寻求扩大加密市场的监管权力，他们视数字商品是一种新的资产类别。
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0 b1 e% G& \4 Y- S' d' g6 m7 @* r总之，加密货币等数字资产属于证券还是商品。如果定义为证券，那就归SEC管；如果定义为商品，就归CFTC管。为此，SEC和CFTC一直在尝试定义或者重新定义加密货币、数字资产和Web3。( v2 F' \% \8 o% ?9 u; g
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其实这个问题一直存在争议，并且在不同的司法管辖区可能有不同的解释和法规。 |
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