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从目前来看,比特币利好叙事无非是三大类,降息、
& u" G# A1 L" T; B9 _9 u8 {1 r: n: L1 ~0 D% Q# d0 h( j
减半与ETF,除了讨论颇多的ETF,其他利好也均已开始
$ E5 q& ?( Q; u0 l/ a' Y1 U! E/ b2 u9 V6 h4 M1 b, e- w Z7 ^
落地。
, G+ k1 M8 e7 g: h I( y# s
) G$ w2 Y$ h; }) q& }在降息方向,宏观市场的预测逐步实现。在12月13日的' t: D8 v+ z( H7 k% J$ U7 A
6 ^! Q* y* l, X, _( C' b
美联储新闻发布会上,利率仍维持在 5.25%-5.50% 的
, Q9 H, K5 ^" k7 Z4 B1 `3 }- g# g5 i, _+ E
当前区间,成为今年度第四次暂停加息的月份。其中,% E. n2 D# L; r9 J5 j
9 L& ]" o' M* }9 A& A/ @6 P# O
鲍威尔的鸽派转变明显,明确表示货币政策紧缩已经基; `' A/ t$ {1 K
, |' u0 V" u' a* h: d7 @5 q
本结束,利率可能会在长时间保持,但降息现在已经进
1 S7 {, }$ |5 b
% |' D) O: }* P% O5 i+ q7 w入考虑范围。! t) ?8 A- x+ R; @) Z+ S/ }
8 D" k! ^' e4 E E, A
除了利率公告外,美联储同时披露了季度更新的经济, ?9 y" r$ G8 \" M! B8 W
( f% q" {$ d+ q# B$ A8 T预测。目前美联储预计2023年核心通胀率为 3.2%,而三+ ~6 o3 X4 h0 ^0 F# {9 w
( B( A9 \+ O; w4 r% Y8 I# ^4 e
个月前的预期为 3.7%,预计2024年的最终增长率为 2.4%,
/ J! B% {2 _, l: \( J1 j# Z; @# I( @' z5 f# @9 `' w' ]1 e0 c
而之前为2.6%。2 n F; P+ l/ _
E4 p, |% Y! }! {) T
宏观方向的利好对于风险市场的影响尤为显著。在今年3 R h, G* y7 h9 G/ f- y' R$ K) N' \9 h
. I7 W; j% ^* u- J
接近一整年的紧缩周期中,边缘地区股债双杀、本土金融
: q2 ~* k/ L% h4 m( H$ E, D, `
: J5 T c# {/ w机构破产、黄金价格的大幅上涨均源于此,而比特币作为$ t" C* N- m5 Q* p$ o+ K
2 J3 E; m( {. Q5 N; _0 x与美股联动性强的标的,对此反应也极为激烈。在上一轮& y' O$ s3 h' y, k/ j& p+ G6 X! Y
# m% e/ ]" b- f. e/ E) ?
周期中,比特币冲至6.4万美元高点,除了传统资金进入,
+ q/ Y( A& Z- \0 ?$ e" v( T2 w" l% z: w
也有宏观宽松流动性增强的关键助推。事实也如出一辙,, h3 z' U6 u& l1 g4 C! K* E5 I
1 M5 [" j( ^6 _在新闻发布会后,比特币再度反弹至4.3万美元以上,24 小
9 L1 n- a7 |0 w! @/ K W, V' Y( J6 Y$ F- |/ d" Q" J
时涨幅超过4%,现报42582美元。, |! ]) w- H9 p! e6 E% F( z
- S3 W9 S$ R% ^) S% o( c4 l
与前两者直接利好相比,减半这一确定性极高的利好反而影
( {! q# Q7 R+ D8 W2 u3 n" k2 D- T1 I6 ~6 m! T% o5 q
响相对较少。BTC仅有2100万的总供应量,但矿工的发行速- {1 c* G- c3 `/ z
6 F w! c9 H" U3 V H0 }度会跟随算力提升不断加速,BTC开采率将迅速飙升,而随
. s3 V% i& S* j' a1 J g2 X: v7 [5 n" F5 t; E$ P
着供应增加,通胀也会随之而来。截至目前,矿工们已经挖
$ o. V5 r9 @$ }$ i$ v& T1 u5 k& f& g% ^- G1 l% Q
掘了近 90% 的比特币总供应量。为了维持发行速度、增加+ L, r8 e' S" V7 A& y: y) \
5 W3 R" i3 S0 p& h) v5 E稀缺性以及降低通胀率,在设计之初,中本聪就设定了每个- y$ X) j: a8 l4 n! u! d
9 R3 r" _: T: ^. {+ j区块中发行的比特币数量会定期减半,在预定的区块高度之
. E4 D* A2 I& q1 \0 |9 ]9 j& v6 \: d1 W' e1 {
后,区块中发行的比特币数量将减少到前一数量的50%,基8 Q! `+ _2 ~$ g' s4 L5 P
0 _4 p/ @6 G2 s' i8 l, L; U本每4年或每 21 万个区块后会发生一次新的减半,长期来看, Q, f' d1 s4 f+ I4 @3 [5 I B
" P8 T7 c. ~) P7 Y+ ?预计2140年比特币将全部开采完成。/ Z: \0 P4 x z( o/ \8 v: i
# O8 l$ `8 U1 R; A' Z! T# J& q# C# t
在众多机构的猜测中,若配合降息带来的流动性与ETF的通# H$ p: @2 y7 y! D3 j( N I& W7 O
5 R/ t" \; w. F+ t过,比特币有望再次创下新高。尽管10万美元这个点,早在之7 M/ x: K% d+ n" x+ n
$ c" [6 W/ T& j7 |
前就已成为加密宣传的口号,但VanEck仍在对2024的预测中表* w$ x( |$ f% A; r
' i; X( T; d4 }
示,ETF将会通过,比特币有望在明年第四季度达到10 万美元,3 e* y' E1 K* Z' p1 e8 s
. V4 A; Z$ z3 e7 @
考虑到去年其对低点与高点的预测相对准确,该预测存在一定可, j4 K# A' \$ I' f
4 z3 b" T0 C1 b+ g, A实现性,渣打银行、Matrixport、比特小陆、Bitwise均对此有类
$ @$ `' t* A& r' T1 k: y" K$ O4 }7 b5 z
似表述。+ _, c+ T3 l/ j/ d; Z3 A
$ I/ h' g. m$ Y, {% N7 F: |8 \: x$ S7 l3 ^' S- T
由于矿工每4年就会减少一半的区块收益,收益减少反向推动算
1 [/ V0 `, j: y! u9 c+ g5 Z0 N: o( K+ \& |! C
力降低与成本上升,从而进一步减缓挖矿速率。减半后稀缺性会
5 P" Z2 a4 _4 G* O3 E2 h! r1 c% ^% X7 C8 w+ ]& s
随之增加,大型矿工也会倾向于囤币而非卖出,投资者对于其的
$ V) B$ ^9 F! w6 m5 Q5 q/ a2 Q/ g4 q0 t2 U6 F- Y+ |
价值预期也会水涨船高。在有史记录的3次减半中,均在一定程度
5 \9 s, X/ F4 B# a1 ~/ V
8 x3 U$ w ~' I# i& Z3 X+ v* Z- P2 O上成为了牛市的引火线,市场对于第四次减半显然关注度较高。
9 Y* A& Q4 u, @/ @. Z! o' p. _- C- i e
预计第四次减半将发生在2024年的4-5月份,届时创建一个区块的$ W" D; x% x% g+ n) v1 m
- X; W' W3 d9 E( M4 ^2 n奖励减少到3.125个BTC。% o: ~0 y- f% n
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