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以太坊 2026 年转型：为什么基于证明的验证对节点至关重要（转）
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2月11日，以太坊（ETH）开发者和研究人员将齐聚一堂，参加首届L1-zkEVM研讨会。此次活动或将预示着未来以太坊区块验证将变得更快、更轻量、更便捷。
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路线图：L1-zkEVM 和 EIP-8025
8 F) B/ b9 W% o# e- o& n* n6 f这项计划属于以太坊 2026 年 L1-zkEVM 路线图的一部分。其核心特性 EIP-8025（也称为可选执行证明）引入了一种新的验证途径。' L: ^% a _5 H" V8 v W
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与其要求每个验证者重新运行（或“重新执行”）区块内的所有交易，系统将允许被称为 zkAttester 的专门参与者使用零知识 (ZK) 证明来验证区块。( |8 |3 @6 ]8 C# I# z6 m
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重要的是，此次升级是可选的。未进行升级的节点将继续按现有方式运行。$ i( ^" Z& q/ @$ x' I
! h6 ` K& `9 z! w3 B1 b这为什么重要？3 L6 y: H) _+ z5 u8 ?! A9 H
现在，以太坊为了确认交易的正确性，验证者必须重新执行每个区块中的每笔交易。随着网络活动的增长，这将变得非常消耗资源。" D) S% }: M0 }* I7 a
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零知识证明改变了这种局面。验证者无需重复所有计算，只需检查一个加密证明即可确认区块的有效性。验证速度显著提升，硬件资源占用也大幅降低。
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" W- u0 w; ^2 [$ q' p' h. S" R; q6 k更低的存储、带宽和计算需求，使得在消费级笔记本电脑上运行完全验证节点再次成为可能。
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5 A+ K' S# h1 B7 ]1 a3 C. X0 P如果参与成本降低、参与门槛降低，即使 gas 限制和产量增加，个人质押者和家庭验证者也能保持竞争力。5 I" x+ A+ @; l0 T
- W* _, ~) h5 W5 Z安全、架构和全局- d" v# u4 F, P6 S' a
根据 EIP-8025，区块只有在多个独立证明（目前提议为五个证明中至少三个）得到验证后才会被接受。这既保证了客户端的多样性，又降低了对单一实现的依赖。
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* o" p& `: A/ \' _4 E9 { s- ]声明内容如下：
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) z9 K. t! a: k! U这项工作分为六个子主题：执行见证和客户程序标准化、zkVM-guest API 标准化、CL 集成、证明器基础设施、基准测试和指标以及使用形式化验证的安全性。, C" f: Q9 Q+ {/ h# G
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除了 L1 层之外，此举还有助于规范执行见证人和 zkVM 接口。这将使已经致力于以太坊区块证明的 Rollup 和证明基础设施提供商受益。
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# Q9 ?7 t. k. ^! ?' b最后想说的话
+ A8 D4 d, H$ W7 LEIP-8025 可以让以太坊区块验证速度更快、重量更轻，从而能够再次在笔记本电脑上运行。+ O+ c& G! _, o+ ]
以太坊将在扩展其基础层的同时，有效提升安全性。5 J: a1 ?+ t0 w, u q4 Y" U/ v
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& N3 J1 [7 c* r这都是什么事？非常专业的我不懂啊 |
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这技术看着是挺厉害，但真落地了，小玩家能省不少事吧 |
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这玩意儿看着挺玄乎，不过对普通矿工来说，感觉就是验证变快了呗，省事不少 |
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