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以太坊 2026 年转型：为什么基于证明的验证对节点至关重要（转）
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2月11日，以太坊（ETH）开发者和研究人员将齐聚一堂，参加首届L1-zkEVM研讨会。此次活动或将预示着未来以太坊区块验证将变得更快、更轻量、更便捷。
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路线图：L1-zkEVM 和 EIP-8025
) D5 L" Z$ H5 Q: O; A1 a! G8 r这项计划属于以太坊 2026 年 L1-zkEVM 路线图的一部分。其核心特性 EIP-8025（也称为可选执行证明）引入了一种新的验证途径。1 j$ T5 W4 m7 h* `. M
1 M0 b9 J0 J9 Y$ }; k( i8 s与其要求每个验证者重新运行（或“重新执行”）区块内的所有交易，系统将允许被称为 zkAttester 的专门参与者使用零知识 (ZK) 证明来验证区块。. M" I4 f! W$ u6 ?1 f; y( K+ Q- I
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重要的是，此次升级是可选的。未进行升级的节点将继续按现有方式运行。7 {# P3 D: Z/ s; U: i
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这为什么重要？
3 T7 n7 e- v7 ^7 s3 m+ }& _. [9 u现在，以太坊为了确认交易的正确性，验证者必须重新执行每个区块中的每笔交易。随着网络活动的增长，这将变得非常消耗资源。
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$ @( @: [" _# Z; a: p8 J. [/ R零知识证明改变了这种局面。验证者无需重复所有计算，只需检查一个加密证明即可确认区块的有效性。验证速度显著提升，硬件资源占用也大幅降低。
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; c+ q t. ]# [1 }0 ?更低的存储、带宽和计算需求，使得在消费级笔记本电脑上运行完全验证节点再次成为可能。9 s( l$ o# |- [* C( K" C
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如果参与成本降低、参与门槛降低，即使 gas 限制和产量增加，个人质押者和家庭验证者也能保持竞争力。
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安全、架构和全局
$ K, R% @# c u2 Z' u, O根据 EIP-8025，区块只有在多个独立证明（目前提议为五个证明中至少三个）得到验证后才会被接受。这既保证了客户端的多样性，又降低了对单一实现的依赖。
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2 E8 g' {% Q6 d. @$ U* g2 I声明内容如下：
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2 A; N# m+ F) G3 _8 T2 V这项工作分为六个子主题：执行见证和客户程序标准化、zkVM-guest API 标准化、CL 集成、证明器基础设施、基准测试和指标以及使用形式化验证的安全性。
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# ~+ q, o6 }; N- j% [除了 L1 层之外，此举还有助于规范执行见证人和 zkVM 接口。这将使已经致力于以太坊区块证明的 Rollup 和证明基础设施提供商受益。+ ]1 }3 w0 B$ ?; z
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最后想说的话; I% P* I X, R* S( R
EIP-8025 可以让以太坊区块验证速度更快、重量更轻，从而能够再次在笔记本电脑上运行。& M" `+ ?4 u- T+ ?5 q& o
以太坊将在扩展其基础层的同时，有效提升安全性。: Q B7 ~2 A- N) i K+ G
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这波升级挺硬核啊，以后验证更快更省力了，节点压力小多了 |
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