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[虚拟币交流]
Matrixport投研：IV与RV，如何利用BTC波动性获利？（转）
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BTC 的波动性吸引了众多期权交易者，他们希望从市场的剧烈波动中获利。然而，历史数据显示， BTC 期权买家亏损较多，这一现象与传统期权市场的趋势一致。
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这一结果主要源于市场的结构性动态，尤其是隐含波动率（IV）与实际波动率（RV）之间的关系。: |6 h* x% N5 z+ V0 \ m
1 [# M3 j* d7 j0 Y, Q' C- J 高隐含波动率（IV）及时间衰退等因素，利于波动率卖方
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在主要的期权交易所，BTC 期权通常以较高的隐含波动率定价。对 2021 年至 2025 年的分析表明，BTC 90 天的隐含波动率平均比实际波动率高出 5.8 个百分点。
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2 x0 t: j. X# d q5 z8 D- a" o例如，当市场定价隐含波动率为 70% 时，BTC 的实际波动率约为 64.2% 。换句话说，交易者购买的期权定价隐含波动率为 70% ，但最终实际波动率往往只有 64.2% 。6 p* h5 i9 \1 f3 d% B% L
2 K+ a3 C/ j: D9 R# r: l 要想在 BTC 市场中买入期权获利，交易者必须抓住市场未能预期的大规模波动。然而，准确预测这些事件的时机极为困难。如果市场没有出现显著的波动率飙升或方
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向性突破，大多数看涨期权和看跌期权都会随着时间的推移而接近价值归零，最终导致买家遭受亏损。
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6 C# A+ u7 H7 ~ BTC 期权买家之所以亏损率较高，是因为他们往往为难以实现的波动率支付过高的价格。高隐含波动率、时间衰减以及极端波动发生的稀缺性，使得期权买家的胜算' {" L/ w9 ~5 R0 ^$ c8 F
& N" V& S2 d9 V G' a4 ]大幅降低。尽管 BTC 仍然是波动性最高的主要资产之一，其期权市场结构仍然更有利于纪律严明的波动率卖方，而非投机性的买方。& k) u+ |* [5 t, w
8 ?% J9 s! ]/ T& C4 X1 T, I# j 矿工偏向卖出波动率变现，此举更具经济意义6 V d1 Y8 A, q8 w' h/ j8 ]4 ~
5 G, I( y4 v. u) N% y) M; E 矿工倾向于卖出波动率而非购买期权，因为卖出期权能够带来现金流入，而购买期权则需要支付溢价，导致现金流出。由于矿工的运营高度依赖资本投入，并且 BTC
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价格的波动性直接影响其收益，他们在结构上更倾向于将 BTC 的波动率变现，而非花费资金购买昂贵的对冲工具。除非矿工预期 BTC 价格会出现重大不利变动，否则卖出# {/ I7 b9 o6 }: r* h( w
7 \* a8 |0 v; L! k波动率、持续收取期权费要比购买可能会变成无效保护的期权更具经济意义。
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0 s( h7 ~ r4 y: v( m 大批量持有 BTC 的 MicroStrategy 如何获取收益
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! |+ j7 c, f# H5 |' H MicroStrategy 是全球最大的 BTC 企业持有者之一，以其激进的 BTC 积累策略而闻名。尽管仍然完全暴露在 BTC 价格波动的风险之下，该公司在企业融资层面积极出
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; [; }2 T: Y8 n) k0 _" s7 E售波动率，利用可转换债券和股票发行来利用其股票市场的波动性变现。) j" C6 C* s8 s& B
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MicroStrategy 的主要融资方式之一是发行可转换债券。可转换债券是一种债务工具，允许债券持有人按预定价格将债券转换为 MicroStrategy 公司的股票。从公司的角/ k8 A' a& B! K
0 m, C+ M7 a* [+ Q2 R度来看，发行可转换债券在经济上类似于在其股票上卖出看涨期权——该股票的交易价格通常是其持有 BTC 价值的两倍。通过向债券持有人提供这种上涨潜力，MicroStrategy - ]9 y# [# o; s! Y( t" ]: i7 }6 a
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能够以远低于传统债务市场利率的融资成本获得资金。嵌入期权使债券持有人可以在 MicroStrategy 股票价格大幅上涨时获利，也就意味着 MicroStrategy 正在出售股权波动率，
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* b$ U1 z7 d$ ?# Y# f4 G以换取预付款资本。4 u. Q9 G3 \6 X4 {7 X
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