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女王亲笔信揭秘英国最早彩票 444年前头奖5000镑
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公益时报讯(见习记者 张朔) 近日，英国国际手稿拍卖公司在伦敦希思罗机场爱德华·拉迪森酒店拍卖一封英女王伊丽莎白一世亲笔信。信中内容表明，英国早在16世纪就已开始发行现代意义上的彩票。头奖相当于现在的85万英镑。6 X! ?/ Q5 f" d; e/ l6 j$ r" z
每张售价10先令
2 B+ n. ?, O" q6 p, e, B! V0 e 这封信写于1566年8月31日，发信地址为温莎城堡。收信人为约翰·斯潘塞爵士，他被女王全权任命发行彩票，距今已有444年。
1 i' L; K+ }9 d/ m: z, u7 Z6 b 该彩票计划共发行约40万张，每张售价10先令，头奖5000英镑，约合现在的85万英镑。奖金以金币和实物混合形式兑现，包括挂毯、亚麻布和精细纺织品。伊丽莎白一世要求把筹得资金用于公共事业。她在信中写道：筹得资金应“用于公共活动，让国民受益”。通过彩票募集来的资金将会交给一个信得过的人保管，用于公益等用途。
- o! p( T9 c: _5 F 16世纪的英国，许多人是文盲。为使民众了解奖项，英国ZF在公文纸上画上各种奖品，张贴于公共场所。对当时普通民众而言，10先令一张的彩票还是太贵。所以斯潘塞等人通过中间商把每张彩票按金额分成数份售出。每卖出一英镑彩票，支付给卖彩票者6便士。每售出500英镑的彩票，斯潘塞可以得到50先令的奖励。- H8 ^- U5 n- A
由于全国范围内彩票发行上的物流和后勤支持等问题，抽奖直到3年后的1569年还没有举行，此种彩票最终只售出计划发行量的十二分之一，大约3.3万张。这种彩票逐渐淡出人们的视野。但类似彩票在1750到1826年很长时间发行。& Q2 C. H8 r4 ?4 e* H! X
疑为修复港口筹款1 p% I- g8 G4 o: s& d2 b4 {
按照《泰晤士报》的说法，1566年这次彩票发行，筹得资金相当于民间给ZF提供3年无息贷款。那一时期，英国ZF时常为筹集资金犯愁。如为尽快修复英格兰地区几个港口，女王不得不劝说议会增税或者让富人同意借钱给ZF。伊丽莎白一世还给彩票销售员一激励政策：无论他们犯什么罪，只要不是谋杀、做海盗或叛国等重罪，就可免予逮捕。6 e5 Y5 F( ~* C# w- l
国际手稿拍卖公司主管理查德·戴维称，“这封信包括质地良好的压花纸封条，信共两页，落款处有女王伊丽莎白一世独特、华丽的签名。” |
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