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女王亲笔信揭秘英国最早彩票 444年前头奖5000镑
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公益时报讯(见习记者 张朔) 近日，英国国际手稿拍卖公司在伦敦希思罗机场爱德华·拉迪森酒店拍卖一封英女王伊丽莎白一世亲笔信。信中内容表明，英国早在16世纪就已开始发行现代意义上的彩票。头奖相当于现在的85万英镑。
9 L8 i! ~1 C. V6 a! z 每张售价10先令
* `+ J) w1 z' j 这封信写于1566年8月31日，发信地址为温莎城堡。收信人为约翰·斯潘塞爵士，他被女王全权任命发行彩票，距今已有444年。& E) D# o* }9 R& Q1 @
该彩票计划共发行约40万张，每张售价10先令，头奖5000英镑，约合现在的85万英镑。奖金以金币和实物混合形式兑现，包括挂毯、亚麻布和精细纺织品。伊丽莎白一世要求把筹得资金用于公共事业。她在信中写道：筹得资金应“用于公共活动，让国民受益”。通过彩票募集来的资金将会交给一个信得过的人保管，用于公益等用途。3 n$ P! e% `6 `3 V$ O
16世纪的英国，许多人是文盲。为使民众了解奖项，英国ZF在公文纸上画上各种奖品，张贴于公共场所。对当时普通民众而言，10先令一张的彩票还是太贵。所以斯潘塞等人通过中间商把每张彩票按金额分成数份售出。每卖出一英镑彩票，支付给卖彩票者6便士。每售出500英镑的彩票，斯潘塞可以得到50先令的奖励。
2 |- `1 J9 G+ l 由于全国范围内彩票发行上的物流和后勤支持等问题，抽奖直到3年后的1569年还没有举行，此种彩票最终只售出计划发行量的十二分之一，大约3.3万张。这种彩票逐渐淡出人们的视野。但类似彩票在1750到1826年很长时间发行。" A: ~2 J# J% c4 c4 m
疑为修复港口筹款/ D+ k2 ~: V' |1 ^! @" q( d
按照《泰晤士报》的说法，1566年这次彩票发行，筹得资金相当于民间给ZF提供3年无息贷款。那一时期，英国ZF时常为筹集资金犯愁。如为尽快修复英格兰地区几个港口，女王不得不劝说议会增税或者让富人同意借钱给ZF。伊丽莎白一世还给彩票销售员一激励政策：无论他们犯什么罪，只要不是谋杀、做海盗或叛国等重罪，就可免予逮捕。8 |7 `$ L2 g* C) s7 {# e% G$ ^1 X" t
国际手稿拍卖公司主管理查德·戴维称，“这封信包括质地良好的压花纸封条，信共两页，落款处有女王伊丽莎白一世独特、华丽的签名。” |
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